Population of Dalits (Scheduled Castes) in India
The Dalit population, officially categorized as **Scheduled Castes (SCs)** in India, constitutes a
significant portion of the country's total population. According to the **2011 Census of India**,
Dalits make up **16.6%** of the total population, accounting for nearly **200 million people**.
Demographics and Regional Distribution
The distribution of Dalit population varies across different states, with higher concentrations in certain regions:
- Uttar Pradesh: Largest Dalit population (~41 million, **21% of the state's population**).
- West Bengal: About **23%** of the state's population belongs to the Dalit community.
- Bihar: Dalits constitute **16% of Bihar’s total population**.
- Punjab: The **highest percentage of Dalits** in any state, with nearly **32%** of its total population.
- Tamil Nadu & Andhra Pradesh: Each has a Dalit population of over **15 million**.
Dalit Population Distribution by State (2011 Census)
| State |
Dalit Population (SC) |
Percentage of Total State Population |
| Punjab | 8,860,179 | 31.9% |
| West Bengal | 21,463,270 | 23.5% |
| Uttar Pradesh | 41,357,608 | 20.7% |
| Haryana |
~7,514,000 |
~20.2% |
| Tamil Nadu | 14,438,445 | 20.0% |
| Rajasthan |
~9,767,000 |
~17.8% |
| Andhra Pradesh | 13,878,078 | 17.1% |
| Karnataka |
~9,791,000 |
~16.2% |
| Bihar | 16,567,325 | 15.9% |
| Madhya Pradesh |
~11,242,000 |
~15.6% |
| Maharashtra |
~11,823,000 |
~11.8% |
Growth Trends of Dalit Population
- The **Dalit population grew by approximately 20%** between 2001 and 2011.
- The population growth rate among Dalits is **slightly higher than the national average** due to higher fertility rates.
- Urban migration among Dalits has increased, with **more Dalits moving to cities for employment opportunities**.
Socio-Economic Challenges Faced by Dalits
- Poverty: Over **45% of Dalits live below the poverty line**.
- Unemployment: The unemployment rate among Dalits is **higher than the national average**.
- Social Discrimination: Despite legal protections, **caste-based discrimination and untouchability** still exist in many rural areas.
- Education and Healthcare: Dalits have **lower literacy rates** and **less access to quality healthcare**.
Government Policies for Dalit Upliftment
The Indian government has implemented various policies and schemes to uplift Dalits:
- Reservation Policy: **15% of government jobs and educational seats** are reserved for Scheduled Castes.
- Scholarships & Education Schemes: Programs like the **Post Matric Scholarship for SC Students** help Dalits pursue higher education.
- Housing & Employment Programs: Schemes like **PM Awas Yojana** and **SC/ST Entrepreneurship Development Programs** promote economic empowerment.
Conclusion
Dalits form an essential part of India’s population, yet they continue to face economic and social challenges. Government efforts, social movements, and greater awareness can help improve their living conditions and ensure equal opportunities.
A strong and empowered Dalit community will lead to a **more inclusive and equal society** in India.
